The Strategic Marketing

Question: Examine about the Strategic Marketing ? Answer : Presentation Vital advertising assumes a significant job in the market accomplishment of any association. It is significant in this manner for any association particularly business associations to set up the correct structures to advance key advertising in their associations. Key showcasing is characterized the way toward distinguishing the key focal points that a business association has and distributing the essential assets to enable the association to accomplish its destinations. In this manner, business associations should place a great deal of spotlight on vital promoting so as to enable their associations to accomplish high deals volumes and improve their piece of the overall industry (JanMarimuthu,2015). This report fundamentally breaks down the Oman Islamic financial paper to recognize the key promoting plans that are set up to present this totally new item in the market. The principal area of the report contains an investigation of key promoting issues in the paper. A portion of these is sues incorporate the shopper conduct of buyers concerning the new Islamic financial model. Rundown of the article The article talks about the vital issues the new Islamic financial model is going to look in the Oman showcase. The initial segment of the paper talks about the manageability of the Islamic financial model. Enthusiasm for Islamic money related items expanded around the yaer2010 after the associations which were engaged with Islamic banking were seen as least influenced by the worldwide emergency of 2009. The purchaser conduct towards this item is certain since there is a great deal of take-up of the thought among numerous Islamic nations particularly in the Middle East. The business is evaluated to be commendable over $1,000billion. The future development capability of the business is extremely high as per Wigglesworth (2001). There is expanding superfluous salary among youthful buyers in Oman implies that the financial division will have expanded interest for credits particularly from the young who are the larger part in the nation. The Islamic financial framework hopes to confront hardened rivalry from ordinary banks that mean to enter the market through the windows model. These banks as of now have a built up client base and in this manner banks represent considerable authority in Islamic items will be off guard. Marking is relied upon to be a territory of concern particularly for traditional banks since they will have a great deal of persuading to do particularly to clients who comprehend the working of Islamic banking. The new Islamic banks will situate themselves as being remarkable in their tasks and use of Sharia law in the financial framework. Vital job of showcasing in the contemporary point of view This paper will utilize the articles by Alharbi (2015) about advancement of Islamic banking and the article by Hussain and Shah (2014) about Islamic banking and Finance in India and Sri Lanka. This area basically investigates the article on Islamic banking in Oman by looking into it with what the two companion checked on diary s talk about. The advertising of new Islamic financial framework in Oman is done after exhaustive and broad exploration has been done on the items and the shopper conduct of clients in the market. As per (JanMarimuthu, 2015).when building up a powerful showcasing system for a business undertaking, the requirements of the purchasers must be given most extreme need. This is on the grounds that clients are the primary motivation behind why the item is being presented in any case One of the significant jobs of advertising for an authoritative is that it causes the association to recognize its upper hands (Alharbi, 2015). This is significant on the grounds that, it encourages the association to know the regions that it is in front of its rivals in the market. The association would then be able to utilize the distinguished upper hands to create items that are increasingly receptive to the requirements of the clients. Recognizable proof of the upper hands additionally causes the organization to work in zones that it utilizes the base measure of assets to boost yield. From the article on presentation of Islamic banking in Oman, the upper hand that the new banks will appreciate is that of spend significant time in Islamic financial items just and subsequently pull in clients who are not fulfilled by customary financial framework. The upper hand that the new framework is relied upon to appreciate and use to contend with clients might be subverted by the effectively settled regular banks and in this way making it hard for new organizations entering the business. Item situating is a significant factor talked about in the Oman article. The new Islamic financial organization in Oman will confront a test in situating themselves in the market. As indicated by (Hussain Shah, 2014) new Islamic foundations face a great deal of difficulties in situating itself in the market. One reason why this foundations think that its hard to situate themselves is that there exist numerous other monetary establishments that are offering practically comparative items and administrations as the new Islamic financial organizations. The new Islamic financial organizations in Oman will likewise think that its hard to separate itself on cost. This is because of the way that Islamic financial framework doesn't permit loan fees in loaning and this lessens the income of such money related foundations (Alharbi, 2015). Showcasing has a vital job in that it is the methods through which the shoppers are educated regarding the presence of the item, place where its offered, its cost just as the highlights of the item (Hussain Shah 2014). The blend of the four Ps of showcasing is significant. Except if clients are made mindful that an item exists and additional data on the item is profited, it is extremely hard for the clients to come and purchase the item (Greuning Iqbal, 2008). Clients are made mindful of the item utilizing different strategies and methods, for example, predominant press publicizing, for example, TV and Radio, outside promoting through boards, internet based life publicizing just as special endeavors, for example, street shows and occasion sponsorship. The new Islamic financial item must be made mainstream to clients via doing limited time endeavors to illuminate clients regarding the requirement for the item given the strict and social factors that impact client conduct in this natio n (Hussain and Shah, 2014). The connection without any difficulty of utilization of the Islamic financial framework will be urgent in deciding the achievement of this new framework The accessibility of profoundly talented work power locally is refered to as one of the main considerations that will impact the development of Islamic banking in the Sultanate. This is on the grounds that, to present the framework effectively, workers of the money related foundation must have the correct preparing and experience to comprehend the tasks of the framework. The article by (Ahmed, 2015) additionally perceives the pretended by instructive foundations in delivering graduates who are well prepared and prepared in Islamic financial tasks. The expense of on work preparing would some way or another be exceptionally high for the new contestants in the market. Rivalry in the business in Oman apparently is extremely firm. The presentation of Islamic banking in Oman is relied upon to confront extremely hardened rivalry from set up money related establishments which may utilize the Window procedure to wander into the Islamic financial market. This is relied upon to be a hindrance to the organization since the banks have a previously settled client base. This in this manner implies that once the customary banks begin offering indistinguishable items and administrations from Islamic banks, the new Islamic fund foundations will be off guard. Alharbi 2015 likewise contends that it is regular for banks offering specific Islamic banking to confront rivalry from set up ordinary banks. Rivalry won't be as hardened as envisioned since it will be somewhat hard for the current ordinary banks to situate themselves again in the market. Utilization of the articles to Omani market The new Islamic financial item in Oman will confront difficulties in its usage however there is gigantic chance of the item getting effective in the market (Jan and Marimuthu, 2015). The piece of the overall industry of the Islamic financial item can't be precisely anticipated in light of the fact that the item is totally new. Data accumulated on request of Islamic financial items that are in accordance with the Sharia Laws is significant in showcasing of the item. This is on the grounds that the advertisers definitely recognize what the purchaser needs and accordingly, the showcasing of the item will be shopper centered. With regards to viable showcasing of this item after its execution has started. It may be discovered that the interest was not as high as was anticipated. This might be significantly because of strict and culture impact which may make expected clients to be hesitant in taking up the new thought. This segment of the report analyzes both the discoveries and conversati ons in the two diary articles examined above with the Oman showcase. On rivalry, the article by Alharbi (2015) says that the degree of rivalry is high for money related establishments that are entering the Islamic financial industry. The degree of rivalry is especially high particularly in nations where the customary financial framework as of now exists. Alharbi contends that the traditional banks will in general respond to the section of new firms in the market and begin offering similar items and administrations subsequently bolting out the new firms. Notwithstanding, in Alharbi (2015) contends that opposition is less extraordinary in nations that are exceptionally traditionalist strictly since ordinary financial framework doesn't work in this nation. Contrasted with the earth in the Oman advertise, it is discovered that the serious condition in many nations is nearly the equivalent. In both the Oman article and the articles by Alharbi (2015) and Hussain and Sh

Humorous Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride -- Wedding Toasts

Amusing Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride Indeed, great evening everybody, for those of you that don?t know me my name is Lee and I?m Janie?s father, and with regards to custom, it is my respect and benefit to convey the ?Father of the Bride Speech?. Giving this discourse is one of only a handful barely any open doors in a wedded man?s life when he is permitted to do the entirety of the talking...and I expect to benefit as much as possible from it. Presently, giving a discourse can be somewhat upsetting so I will try what I lecture, that is...always recall the ABC to the XYZ of open talking. ABC..Always Be Confident, ?XYZ..Xamine Your Zipper. (check zipper). It won?t be a long discourse by virtue of my throat?.no, it?s not sore, it?s simply that Janet took steps to cut it on the off chance that I go on excessively long! So I?ll start...Distinguished visitors, those of questionable qualification and those of definitely no differentiation at all, family, family members, companions, family members of companions, companions of companions, inn staff, freeloaders and holders on, in the interest of Janet and myself, I stretch out a warm greeting to Janie and Martin?s wedding festivity gathering. You know, conveying the ?Father of the Bride? discourse feels somewhat like a sheik strolling into his array of mistresses for the first time...you recognize what to do, however you don?t realize where to begin. I will begin anyway by accepting this open door to thank particularly Janet for not exclusively being boss worrier and arrange... ... we wed. It is exceptionally evident that they have found in each other an ideal match; their bliss sparkles like a guide. Janie and Martin, there is no test in a marriage that can't be overwhelmed by the accompanying three, three word sentences: I wasn't right. You were correct. I love you. All in all, moving toward the toast, women and men of honor, if it's not too much trouble stand and ensure your glasses are completely charged?mine is being charged to Barclaycard? Janie and Martin? Here?s to the past for all that it educated you Here?s to the present for all that you share Furthermore, here?s to the future for all that you can look forward together Women and men of their word please raise your glasses. The toast is?Janie and Martin, Bride and Groom

Escaping the Responsibility in Society :: Essays Papers

Getting away from the Responsibility in Society James Joyce composed an assortment of short stories titled Dubliners. Joyce composed these accounts in the nineteen hundreds to show how individuals regularly felt during the difficult time after the Famine. The characters escape from their own obligations in the public arena. James Joyce utilizes the subject of departure all through three stories in Dubliners, â€Å"An Encounter,† â€Å"Eveline,† and â€Å"The Dead.† In â€Å"An Encounter,† the young men get away from school however have an obligation to go to that day. Too Eveline feels that she needs to get away from Dublin yet accepts she has an obligation to keep. â€Å"The Dead,† Gabriel gets away from his obligation to be there for his better half Gretta, when she is in a period of scarcity. In any case, in these accounts, the characters get away from their obligation. In the entirety of the short stories, every story shows the characters getting away from society with their obligations through their own kind of work. In every story, characters endeavor to get away from the obligation of work or obligation. For instance, in â€Å"An Encounter,† Leo Dillon and a youngster name Mahony â€Å"planned a day’s miching† (13). This shows how they plan on escaping from the general public of Dublin and getting away from school. They have an obligation to go to class that day, notwithstanding, with them not being there they need to consider the reality of getting captured; there are decisions and results throughout everyday life. There duty is to be available at school, be that as it may, they get away from society and need to manage the results. Another way that the young men get away from society by method of their obligations is the point at which they read comic books in class. The educator asks, â€Å"Is this what you read as oppose d to examining your Roman History? [...] I’m astounded at young men like you, taught, perusing such stuff† (12). They are getting away again from society, their obligations of school work and, the gauges of desires from their instructor. They want to tune in to what is happening in class but instead attempt to get away from the general public through perusing their comic books. Nonetheless, this getting away through duties is associated with the tale of â€Å"Eveline.† Eveline has made a guarantee to her mom and doesn't have a clue whether she can keep it in view of her needing to escape from society and move to Buenos Ayes with Frank.

A child & mom Essay

A youngster enters your study hall crying and shouting not needing mother to leave. He has recently been told, toward the beginning of today, his daddy is leaving his mother and two siblings to live with another lady. What might you do? Why? To address this worry, what I can do is to move toward the kid with a grinning confront and ask him an inquiry in a delicate voice about the reason for his crying. In light of the perusing, it is important to speak with a youngster which advances an enthusiasm about his present circumstance (Maine Cooperative Extension, 2008). I can begin with a straightforward â€Å"Hello† and ask him â€Å"May I please help you? † If the kid will react in a positive manner, I can legitimately ask him for what reason he is feeling awful despite the fact that I know the circumstance. I can come out of the study hall and go with him to his mom outside so the three of us can have a discussion and to let the youngster see that I am intrigued to suit him by having a scripted talk with his parent. One awesome methodology is to tell the kid before his mom that all the children inside the study hall are really hanging tight for him to turn into their new companion. Having a discussion with him before his parent can help his certainty with me since he will distinguish my essence with his mom that I am an individual whom his she can trust upon his government assistance. The part of saying to him that the entire class is holding up can allure the kid that there are others inspired by him separated from his folks. Additionally, I could tell the youngster that every one of the understudies in the class likewise needed to cry noisy during their first days in school yet when they had the option to meet their new companions, they needed to advise their mothers to leave since they realize that guardians can't be associated with child’s play since they are too huge which is something interesting. This methodology can enable the kid to understand that he isn't in reality alone and that crying is a typical encounter during the main day in school. In addition, the comedic part of â€Å"parents playing with the class† can give a deviation that it is really entertaining and won't force a disgrace impact with respect to the kid. At the point when he quiets down and after I have picked up his trust, I will welcome him inside the study hall and offer him a seat. I won't open up the issue about his family worries since this may simply confuse his emotions towards connecting with others. It is a lot of proper to have him overlook his inward family issues in any event inside class with the goal that he can be increasingly profitable in learning. Situation # 2 Your understudies keep getting up from their work areas during diary composing time to hone their pencils. As they stroll between the tables, they are continually upsetting different kids who are working discreetly on their diaries. The understudies that finish initially are additionally talking and snickering. The rest of the understudies are experiencing difficulty focusing on completing their task. What would it be advisable for you to do? Why? Most importantly, it is powerful to force a specialized goals in an interesting method of showing them the fitting conduct in doing their own assignments. Since it is too humiliating to even think about pinpointing a solitary youngster who upsets others when composing diaries, I would first be able to get the consideration of the entire class and disclose to them that I have an amusing story to tell. This will include a make-up situation on what problematic strolling can actuate to others. I will attempt to recount to the account of an anecdotal past understudy of mine while exhibiting them how it is risky to upset others while strolling. I could make a scene where I will get a volunteer who will compose on a table and afterward I will overstate my walk knocking my hips to the child’s table while making interesting countenances. Obviously, I will expect to exaggerate the demonstration with the goal that it will be evident for them to see that the kid volunteer will have difficult time composing on his paper because of my activities. This entertaining situation will initiate chuckling everywhere throughout the study hall yet will likewise let them understand that strolling in a demure manner between the tables is basic with the goal that different understudies won't be upset. With respect to the boisterous youngsters who finish first, I could set up a straightforward guide that will isolate them from the individuals who are as yet dealing with their diaries. I could assign a little space at the rear of the room total with tables and seats for a couple of understudies. At that point I will disclose to them that it is some of the time generally excellent to have non-verbal correspondence and it is additionally energizing to trade musings by sending little notes regardless of whether the individual you are conversing with is directly close to you. I could hand them little scratch papers in which they can compose what they need to state to one another with the goal that they won't have to talk verbally. The methodology can bring them fervor since they should compose first on a bit of paper before they can send their messages to someone else. This won't just limit clamor inside the class however will likewise upgrade their composition and understanding abilities. By and large, different understudies who are as yet chipping away at their diaries will have the option to complete their work with no interruptions. References Principle Cooperative Extension. 2008. Winning Ways to Talk with Young Children. College of Maine. Recovered February 6, 2008 from http://www. umext. maine. edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/4077. htm.

Compare and contrast the characters Essay

Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Hardy’s famous novel, bases on the eponymous unfortunate champion, Tess. However the disasters that come to pass for her throughout the novel would not have happened without the two driving male characters whom Tess experiences. The first is Tess’s ‘cousin’, Alec D’Urberville, whom she initially meets in Chapter Five when she comes â€Å"to guarantee kin†. Alec gets captivated by the sixteen-year-old Tess yet after he is repelled a few times, assaults her and leaves her pregnant with his kid. The second of these characters is Angel Clare, a youngster Tess is acquainted with at Talbothays dairy ranch where she fills in as a dairymaid at twenty years old. Heavenly attendant and Tess begin to look all starry eyed at, however their sentiment is cursed by the shadow of Tess’s past. On first perusing, Angel and Alec may appear to be totally different, however further examination may demonstrate that these men are more comparative than recently observed. Alexander D’Urberville is composed to be the finished absolute opposite of Angel Clare. Alec is rich, amazing and lethargic, everything that Angel disdains about the â€Å"old families†. Indeed, even the names of the characters mirror their characters. Alexander infers extraordinary aristocrats, for example, Alexander the Great, however the way that the small, Alec, is quite often utilized, proposes that maybe the man has not satisfied the name. His last name in any event sounds noteworthy, and the way that it contains a portion of the title of the book appears to give a level of significance. In any case, as the peruser discovers not long before Alec is presented, the D’Urberville family don’t really have a case in their possession: it was an old progenitor who just added the last name ‘D’Urberville’ so as to sound progressively refined and increasingly great. Therefore, on meeting Alec D’Urberville just because, we consider him to be as a phony, a sham. Dissimilar to with Alec, whose name goes before him and educates us concerning his temperament before he even meets Tess, Angel Clare is presented at an opportune time in the book, in Chapter One, yet as an anonymous understudy. He participates in the nation girls’ move and accomplices everybody except Tess, who at that point gazes censoriously after him. During this experience, we discover nothing about this youngster with the exception of that he has not picked a way like his siblings, yet when Angel is ‘officially’ presented in Chapter Seventeen, the peruser immediately knows who he is before he even gives his name. ‘Angel’, an abnormal decision of first name for a male, marks him out immediately as a saint, a harbinger of good, the light to Alec’s dull. ‘Clare’, as well, recommends light, brilliance, lucidity. Be that as it may, does Hardy set up Angel as the ideal legend just to pulverize this fai ade later on? Alec is gone before by his name as this carries an inauspicious shadow to his later dealings with Tess, however Angel is trailed by his name. His anonymous nearness stays in both Tess’s and the reader’s mind until we see him once more: he is set apart out by his insight and his ability to include himself in nation life, as opposed to his wonderful name. Strong portrays Alec’s appearance strikingly. His â€Å"red and smooth† lips bring the main traces of sexuality and suggestion to Tess’s life, while his â€Å"well-prepped dark mustache with twisted points† infers he gives a great deal of consideration to style and appearances, which is affirmed when he ceaselessly alludes to Tess as â€Å"my Beauty† and gives her excellence as the explanation behind his enthusiasm for her, instead of her natural characteristics. Strong utilizations plosives while depicting Alec just because (â€Å"lips†, â€Å"badly†, â€Å"points†) to underline â€Å"the solitary force† and brutal, forceful nature of the character. The difference Hardy makes between Alec’s full mustache and his generally youthful age proposes that Alec is utilizing his mustache as a smokescreen to mask his absence of development and experience: his confident, better way causes him state control over Tess, yet he has had little involvement with the zone of adoration and love and in this manner is ineffective at winning Tess. He is common and predominant in numerous angles, however genuinely he is as yet juvenile. Solid likewise makes reference to the â€Å"touches of barbarism† in Alec’s face. All through Phase the First, we perceive how Alec tumbles from his privileged status in his endeavors to make Tess love him: he reviles, swears, compels himself upon her, cries and asks, just to attempt to cause her to feel for him. The primitive parts of his face additionally mirror the complexity between his higher social position and his base ethics, indicating a much more noteworthy contrast between Angel’s glorified profound quality in spite of his lower class, and between Alec’s self-debasement and absence of restraint disregarding his higher status. A fascinating point is that Hardy’s distinctive depiction of Alec paints him comparatively to the Devil. Around then, as Hardy himself makes reference to in Chapter Fourteen, Christian kids were educated â€Å"quaint and curious† thoughts regarding religion, prompting normal visual generalizations, for example, that of Satan with his horns and mustache. Indeed, even the hues utilized, for example, red and dark, are suggestive of the Devil, drawing a not very inconspicuous difference among this and Angel. Not at all like Alec, who has been depicted so strikingly that pretty much every peruser pictures him similarly, Angel is portrayed in a vaguer way. While some of Alec’s outward attributes are connected to his conduct, Hardy just truly makes reference to them in going, as the pace of the story is genuinely snappy here, as though Hardy is anxious to get to Tess’s first trade with Alec. At Chapter Eighteen, notwithstanding, the pace has eased back significantly to account for the new principle character, thus the majority of this section is offered over to portraying Angel and his history. Angel’s depiction is connected more to his character and conduct, and this unclearness of portrayal additionally stresses how Angel is â€Å"nebulous, engrossed, vague†¦ had no unequivocal point or worry about his material future†. As opposed to the plosives utilized while depicting Alec, a great deal of sibilance is utilized in the section portraying Angel (â€Å"past†¦ distinct†¦ as†¦ grateful voice†¦ fixed, preoccupied eyes†¦ to some degree too small†, etc) which not just adds to the unclear murkiness encompassed his future possibilities, or underscores our and Tess’s information on him as a memory just, however alludes to a delicate, tranquil, delicate nature with regards to his namesake. Be that as it may, there are signs that maybe Angel’s nature isn't as predictable as it appears: the juxtaposition of â€Å"fixed† and â€Å"abstracted† just as the portrayal of his mouth as both â€Å"delicate† and â€Å"firm† recommend logical inconsistency, if not bad faith, in his temperament. The manliness of the two characters goes under inquiry: while Alec’s obvious manliness is subverted by his consistent regard for feel and his repugnance for any type of manual work, Angel’s is improved by his clear immovability, a characteristic esteemed in Victorian spouses and fathers at that point. The demeanor to nation people and manual work is something that partitions the two men essentially. Alec, as a noble man, has never accomplished a day’s work in his life. He has inordinate spare time to spend watching Tess endeavoring to whistle and taking care of the feathered creatures. Truth be told, our first picture of Alec is of him standing sluggishly at the door smoking his stogie, while our first genuine picture of Angel is the point at which he is draining a dairy animals. Furthermore, Alec looks down on Tess’s social class. In spite of the fact that he sends the Durbeyfield family endowments, his thought processes are absolutely sentimental, and he considers himself to be an honorable recipient, helping those lower than himself. His mentalities towards the nation society are indicated splendidly when, in Chapter Ten, he tends to the gathering of nation laborers as â€Å"work-folk†, demonstrating he thinks of them as valuable just for difficult work and of lower knowledge than himself. He characterizes them by what they do, instead of what they are. Blessed messenger, then again, ventures down from his underlying family pathway because of his convictions, and doesn't see himself as over the laborers at Talbothays who are of a lower social remaining than him. Strong purposely portrays how Angel’s mentality and demeanor change after some time: from the start, it is regular that Clare sees the new society where he lives as â€Å"strange†, â€Å"undignified†, â€Å"retrogressive and unmeaning†, yet as he turns out to be a piece of the family unit, a change happens. Unexpectedly he understands that every individual from the dairy is similarly as exceptionally human as he seems to be, with their own recollections and dreams, and this is the thing that Alec neglects to figure it out. The last never treats Tess as anything near his own knowledge, treating her like a youngster, while Angel figures out how to regard each man or lady as an equivalent, not a mediocre. This is reflected in his adjustment in estimation towards where he lives: in addition to the fact that he begins to â€Å"like the open air life for its own sake†, yet he frames a connection to the dairy and the individuals living and working there. Alec, nonetheless, disdains Tess when she gets passionate at seeing the town where she was conceived, commenting unsympathetically that â€Å"we should all be conceived somewhere†. With regards to Hardy’s Romantic leanings, Angel is depicted as all the more inclination and increasingly keen to his environmental factors, which is exacerbated when he begins to look all starry eyed at Tess and begins to consider her to be a â€Å"daughter of Nature† instead of independent from his environmental factors. In a story where something as straightforward as a name changes Tess’s life until the end of time,

I Paid My Enrollment Deposit, Now What COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

I Paid My Enrollment Deposit, Now What COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you were admitted and paid your enrollment deposit you are probably wondering what happens next.   First let me say that if you did pay your deposit, we are thrilled to have you join the SIPA class of 2011.   Second, let me say that your number one source of information at this time should still be the Welcome Page referenced in your admissions letter. Have a housing question?   The contact email is there.   Question about a Visa application?   The contact email is there.   Question about when the summer math tutorial begins?   You guessed it referenced on the Welcome Page. From this point on the Admissions Office does start to pass the baton on so to speak to the Office of Student Affairs (OSA). OSA will begin to send a series of emails in May that deal with a variety of topics releted to your enrollment.   OSA will be a large part of your life at SIPA because they run the class registration process, second year fellowship application process, and act as the student point of contact for a variety of other academic issues. This does not mean that you cannot continue to email the Admissions Office with questions, we welcome you to and you probably should because you may have not yet met those who work in OSA.   Just do not be surprised if we start to pass you on to those who work OSA and you start to see names like Ubrano, Caroline, Stefan, Mona, Cassandra, Allejandro, and Alleyne.

Newly Orthodox Women vs Judith Plaskow Feminism Moving in Opposite Directions - Literature Essay Samples

Judith Plaskow is one of the leading scholars of feminist theology. Her book, Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective, was the first book of Jewish feminist theology ever written.[1] She has also written an additional book, a collection of essays, has co-edited three books, and published numerous articles in edited volumes and journals.[2] Plaskow believes that the Torah must be â€Å"reclaimed†, as it has been written by and in the language of the patriarchy in such a way that marginalizes women.[3] Ultimately, Plaskow’s goal is to redefine the Torah’s content to include material relating to women’s experiences, on this topic she writes, â€Å"We must render visible the presence, experience, and deeds of women erased in traditional sources. We must tell the stories of womens encounters with God and capture the texture of their religious experience.†[4] Plaskow’s views on feminism within Judaism are new, transformative, a nd ultimately push the conventional traditions and values within the religion. Standing in stark contrast to Plaskow is Orthodox Judaism, which continues to embrace the traditional roles of women within religion. However, Debra Renee Kaufmans article, Patriarchal Women: A Case Study of Newly Orthodox Women, reveals women moving in the opposite direction as Plaskow, but with a similar objective, to redefine Judaism in ways that empower them. While Plaskow often uses the alteration of God-language and the creation of myths to reinterpret the Torah, the converted Jewish Orthodox women cited in Kaufman’s article take a related approach, however, in much more restrained ways. An example of Plaskow’s unconventional methods of reinterpreting the Torah lies in the namesake of her book of essays, The Coming of Lilith. Plaskow wrote a new myth, known as Midrash, based on the story of Lilith, demon of the night, who was Adam’s first wife according to rabbinic legend.[5] Plaskow writes, â€Å"Through her story, we could express not only our new image of ourselves, but our relation to certain of the elements of our religious traditions†¦ We try to express through our myth the process of our coming to do theology together. Lilith in exile can do nothing. The real heroine of our story is sisterhood, and sisterhood is powerful.†[6] Plaskow’s Midrash transformed Lilith, once a demon, into a wife w ho refused to be commanded by her husband and so flew away.[7] Although it is true that Orthodox Jewish women still do not have the right to divorce their husbands in the way Lilith left Adam, they have still found ways to work within their religion to reinterpret texts once deemed misogynistic. While the newly Orthodox women in Kaufman’s article do not take such drastic measures to find their feminist identities within the Torah, they have reinterpreted the parts of Jewish law that have often been considered the most sexist, and have found empowerment within them. For example, all of the women had an alternative of interpretation of â€Å"nidda†, commonly defined as, â€Å"family purity laws governing the separation of husband and wife during and for 10 days following the woman’s menstruation,† a time when the woman is often considered â€Å"unclean†.[8] Many of the women explained that impure was a better translation because it places menstruation within a more sacred context.[9] Furthermore, one woman argued, â€Å"Blood is the symbol of both birth and death. This is recognized in the balance between â€Å"nidda† and â€Å"mikva†; the first is the mourning of our temporarily lost capacity to give life, the other a celebrat ion of our capacity to give life.†[10] While the Jewish purity laws upheld by the Orthodox community are often considered one of the most misogynistic elements of the religion, these women were able to interpret â€Å"nidda† in a way that made their womanhood more valuable, rather than less. This tactic is very similar to Plaskow’s approach as she transforms the Lilith, the â€Å"demon of the night†, into an empowering new feminist myth. Another common thread that runs through both Plaskow and Kaufman’s texts is the connection between Jewish women and community. Plaskow writes, â€Å"The feminist experience is one of finding in community both a sense of personal identity and power and the power and knowledge of God.†[11] In their transition to the Orthodox community, all of the women in Kaufman’s case study find their identities as women within the Orthodox community to not only be vital, but empowering. On the subject of community, Kaufman writes, â€Å"By idealizing the feminine and emphasizing gender differences already present in this sex-aggregated community, these women develop powerful images of themselves and their activities.†[12] One woman’s words on this subject were particularly eloquent, â€Å"There is no doubt that what I love about it is the way in which women are understood. The intensity of women’s relationship to God is overwhelming. I think women are the c ollective unconscious way of safeguarding prayer in Judaism.†[13] While these women have chosen to enter a community that believes in segregation between man and woman, they have been able to find significance within this separation. All that Orthodox Judaism is has fostered a strong sense of personal identity and connection to God among this particular group of 75 women that Kaufman chose to interview. While surely Plaskow would not agree with the seclusion of women in Orthodoxy, these women have reached Plaskow’s goals of finding their feminist identities within their communities nonetheless. While Judith Plaskow’s work is fascinating, transformative, and crucial to the study of feminism within religion, Debra Renee Kaufman’s article Patriarchal Women: A Case Study of Newly Orthodox Jewish Women, raises questions about what can truly be considered feminism within Judaism. Kaufman performed in-depth interviews with 75 women who had converted to Orthodox Judaism, many of whom had very little previous experience with religion. Kaufman’s study melded together the study of both feminism and Orthodoxy with astonishing results. While the outside world often considers Jewish Orthodoxy to be unacceptably misogynistic, Kaufman revealed that these women had found empowerment and belonging within their community, despite what many consider to be a second-class status. While Plaskow tends towards liberalism, and the Orthodox women towards conservativism, both ultimately followed very similar patterns by using reinterpretation of the Torah and connection with commu nity to promote feminism. Kaufman sums up the reality of women in Judaism nicely as she concludes, â€Å"As ‘minded’ social actors, women are capable of constructing their own systems of meaning and of negotiating their social reality; they are not simply or necessarily ‘robots,’ ‘victims,’ or ‘fools.’†[14] [1] Judith Plaskow, Jewish Womens Archive, https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/plaskow-judith. [2] Ibid. [3] Judith Plaskow, Standing again at Sinai: Judaism from a feminist perspective, San Francisco 123 (1990): 127 [4] Ibid. [5] Judith Plaskow, The Coming of Lilith: essays on feminism, Judaism, and sexual ethics, 1972-2003, Beacon Press, 2015. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] Debra Renee Kaufman, Patriarchal women: A case study of newly orthodox Jewish women, Symbolic Interaction 12, no. 2 (1989): 299-314 [9] Ibid. [10] Ibid. [11] Judith Plaskow, The Coming of Lilith: essays on feminism, Judaism, and sexual ethics, 1972-2003, Beacon Press, 2015. [12] Debra Renee Kaufman, Patriarchal women: A case study of newly orthodox Jewish women, Symbolic Interaction 12, no. 2 (1989): 299-314 [13] Ibid. [14] Ibid.